2021年北京外國語大學翻譯碩士考研試題
1）TPP跨太平洋伙伴關系協議
2）ECOSOC聯合國經濟及社會理事會
3）UNCTAD聯合國貿易與發展會議
4）WADA世界反興奮劑機構
5）ROI投資回報率
6）CPI消費者物價指數
7）Universiade世界大學生運動會
8）Pathogenicity致病力
9）Fintech金融科技
10）Accrued depreciation應計折舊
11）Arbitrage of exchange套匯
12）Salinity energy鹽差能
13）Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary特命全權大使
14）We-Media自媒體
15）Alpine skiing高山滑雪
16）方艙醫院
17）流調Epidemiological survey
18）熔斷機制Circuit Breakers
19）銀保監會China Banking Regulatory Commission
20）信用證letter of credit
21）司法鑒定judicial expertise
22）日環食annular solar eclipse
23）首付down payment
24）通勤commuting
25）循環經濟circular economy
26）政務公開government transparency
27）燃料電池fuel cell
28）素質教育quality education
29）躺槍
30）網紅cyber celebrity
Urgent action is needed in countries impacted by fragility,conflict and violence(FCV)to end extreme poverty globally,according to the World Bank Group.As crisis situations become increasingly protracted—with dire impacts on people and economies—the World Bank Group today released an FCV strategy,which for the first time systematically brings a full suite of financing and expertise to address these challenges in both low-and-middle income countries.
On the current trajectory,by 2030 up to two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor will live in fragile and conflict-affected countries,according to a World Bank report also released today.Bucking the overall trend of a global decrease in extreme poverty,these countries are seeing sharp increases,threatening decades of progress in the fight against poverty.Fragile and conflict-affected situations take a huge toll on human capital,creating vicious cycles that lower people’s lifetime productivity and earnings and reduce socioeconomic mobility.One in five people in these countries are deprived of money,education and basic infrastructure simultaneously.And the number of people living in close proximity to conflict has nearly doubled in the past 10 years.
“Addressing humanitarian crises requires immediate support and long-term development approaches,”said World Bank Group President David Malpass.“To end extreme poverty and break the cycle of fragility,conflict,and violence,countries need to ensure access to basic services,transparent and accountable government institutions,and economic and social inclusion of the most marginalized communities.These kinds of investments go hand in hand with humanitarian aid.”
The World Bank Group,founded to support post-conflict reconstruction in Europe after World War II,now emphasizes working before,during,and after crisis situations to tackle poverty.It emphasizes prevention by proactively addressing the root causes of conflict—such as social and economic exclusion,climate change and demographic shocks—before tensions turn into full-blown crises.During active conflict,it focuses on building institutional resilience and preserving essential services like health and education for the most vulnerable communities.
The strategy also emphasizes long-term support to help countries transition out of fragility,including private sector solutions,such as scaling-up investments in small and medium enterprises that are essential to create jobs and spur economic growth.It addresses the cross-border impacts of FCV,for example by focusing on the development needs of both refugees and host communities.
This institutional shift is backed by increases in financing,both through the World Bank’s General Capital Increase and through the recently approved replenishment of IDA,the World Bank’s fund for the poorest countries,which included over$20 billion for FCV.The Bank and IFC will also make key operational changes,such as deploying more staff and resources to countries impacted by FCV and partnering with a range of international and local actors.IFC and MIGA have also committed to significantly increase their support to private sector investments in economies impacted by FCV.
回首“雙十一”購物節誕生的這十一年，從最初的單身慰問到如今的全民消費狂歡，今天的“雙十一”已經不僅僅是一個購物節日，甚至不只是一種現象級商業事件。隨著“雙十一”對供應鏈輻射的范圍越來越廣，其可以說已經成為一個提升社會生產能力的巨大發動機。
近年來，我國經濟增長已由主要依靠投資、出口拉動轉向依靠消費、投資、出口協同拉動；而內需更是增長的主動力來源。在全球疫情大流行與經濟不確定性并存的背景下，前三季度中國經濟能夠在巨大困難中實現“由負轉正”，諸多統計數據已經充分證明，最大的動力源還是來自于內需市場，這也是引爆“雙十一”的巨大底氣。
無論是十一線下假日經濟的火爆，還是今天的“雙十一”線上線下購物狂歡，都是內需強大勢能的最好展現，而這也為擴大內需、打通內循環提供了一個支點。前不久召開的十九屆五中全會就明確指出，未來要堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點，構建完整的內需體系，全面促進消費，拓展投資空間。其中還專門提到“培育新型消費”，以“雙十一”為代表的線上購物，恰恰就是“新型消費”。
隨著近年來經濟轉向高質量發展，居民收入水平也在不斷提升，社會對于消費的需求也在日益多元化和品質化。挖潛龐大內需，打造“新型消費”，首先需要最大程度覆蓋不同層次的消費人群，而“雙十一”，恰可以在其中發揮顯著作用。
從居民收入結構來看，我國有數量可觀的高收入人群、龐大的中等收入群體，同時低收入人群規模仍然巨大，對于性價比的追求依然存在巨大市場空間。而“雙十一”則可以滿足這種條件：海量的消費品中，既包括側重數量、對價格敏感的生存型消費品，也包括高品質、個性化的享受型、改善型消費品。毫無疑問，覆蓋面最廣且主打低價的“雙十一”，將能夠同時激活多類型需求，最大程度釋放社會消費能量。
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